Answer to questions (in written English)

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Below are the answers to questions in written English

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1. Are there any specific interventions or strategies that have been found effective in supporting the language and executive function development of deaf children?

I read the Roberts et al study and was pleased that it seems early interventions can be implemented.

Roberts M. Y. (2019). Parent-Implemented Communication Treatment for Infants and Toddlers With Hearing Loss: A Randomized Pilot Trial. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, 62(1), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-18-0079

We did a study on how music training might improve EFs and we had some successes especially with children with low language abilities

Mason, K., Marshall, C. R., & Morgan, G. (2021). Executive Function Training for Deaf Children: Impact of a Music Intervention. Journal of deaf studies and deaf education, 26(4), 490–500. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enab026

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2. (2.1) As you mention that language plays a crucial role in the theory of mind as it provides necessary support for the theory of mind itself. Are there any other studies that show whether deaf children with deaf parents perform on par with hearing children with hearing parents in terms of theory of mind?

There are several studies reporting this now. The remaining question is how relevant this group are for development of ToM in deaf of hearing parents

Johnson, L., Zenkel, M., & Haring, C. (2016). Theory of Mind in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children: A Systematic Review. https://doi.org/10.17615/8211-h116

(2.2) Specifically, do both groups develop complex theory of mind abilities at a similar age, given that they receive timely and extensive language input?

In general this is the case for false belief development but there have been fewer studies on the question of second and third order ToM in deaf samples. Most of these studies in hearing children use written stories to test this. The only study of further ToM abilities I am aware of in deaf of deaf children is this one

O’Reilly, K., Peterson, C. C., & Wellman, H. M. (2014). Sarcasm and advanced theory of mind understanding in children and adults with prelingual deafness. Developmental psychology, 50(7), 1862–1877. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036654

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